function Valid_Mark(theForm)
{
var correct;
var radioSelected = false;
var a1,a2,a3,a4,a5,a6,a7,a8,a9,a10,a11,a12,a13,a14,a15,a16,a17,a18;
var percent;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q1.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q1[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q1\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q2.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q2[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q2\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q3.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q3[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q3\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q4.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q4[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q4\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q5.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q5[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q5\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q6.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q6[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q6\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q7.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q7[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q7\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q8.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q8[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q8\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q9.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q9[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q9\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q10.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q10[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q10\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q11.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q11[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q11\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q12.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q12[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q12\" options.");
return (false);
}
var radioSelected = false;
for (i = 0; i < theForm.Q13.length; i++)
{
if (theForm.Q13[i].checked)
radioSelected = true;
}
if (!radioSelected)
{
alert("Please select one of the \"Q13\" options.");
return (false);
}
if (theForm.Q14.value == "")
{
alert("Please enter a value for the \"B1\" field.");
theForm.Q14.focus();
return (false);
}
if (theForm.Q15.value == "")
{
alert("Please enter a value for the \"B2\" field.");
theForm.Q15.focus();
return (false);
}
if (theForm.Q16.value == "")
{
alert("Please enter a value for the \"B3\" field.");
theForm.Q16.focus();
return (false);
}
if (theForm.Q17.value == "")
{
alert("Please enter a value for the \"B4\" field.");
theForm.Q17.focus();
return (false);
}
if (theForm.Q18.value == "")
{
alert("Please enter a value for the \"B5\" field.");
theForm.Q18.focus();
return (false);
}
correct=0;
// correct++;
// }
if (theForm.Q1[0].checked)
a1="a";
if (theForm.Q1[1].checked){
a1="b";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q1[2].checked)
a1="c";
if (theForm.Q1[3].checked)
a1="d";
if (theForm.Q2[0].checked){
a2="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q2[1].checked)
a2="b";
if (theForm.Q2[2].checked)
a2="c";
if (theForm.Q2[3].checked)
a2="d";
if (theForm.Q3[0].checked){
a3="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q3[1].checked)
a3="b";
if (theForm.Q3[2].checked)
a3="c";
if (theForm.Q3[3].checked)
a3="d";
if (theForm.Q4[0].checked){
a4="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q4[1].checked)
a4="b";
if (theForm.Q4[2].checked)
a4="c";
if (theForm.Q4[3].checked)
a4="d";
if (theForm.Q5[0].checked)
a5="a";
if (theForm.Q5[1].checked)
a5="b";
if (theForm.Q5[2].checked)
a5="c";
if (theForm.Q5[3].checked){
a5="d";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q6[0].checked){
a6="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q6[1].checked)
a6="b";
if (theForm.Q6[2].checked)
a6="c";
if (theForm.Q6[3].checked)
a6="d";
if (theForm.Q7[0].checked)
a7="a";
if (theForm.Q7[1].checked)
a7="b";
if (theForm.Q7[2].checked){
a7="c";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q7[3].checked)
a7="d";
if (theForm.Q8[0].checked){
a8="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q8[1].checked)
a8="b";
if (theForm.Q8[2].checked)
a8="c";
if (theForm.Q8[3].checked)
a8="d";
if (theForm.Q9[0].checked)
a9="a";
if (theForm.Q9[1].checked){
a9="b";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q9[2].checked)
a9="c";
if (theForm.Q9[3].checked)
a9="d";
if (theForm.Q10[0].checked)
a10="a";
if (theForm.Q10[1].checked) {
a10="b";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q10[2].checked)
a10="c";
if (theForm.Q10[3].checked)
a10="d";
if (theForm.Q11[0].checked)
a11="a";
if (theForm.Q11[1].checked)
a11="b";
if (theForm.Q11[2].checked)
a11="c";
if (theForm.Q11[3].checked){
a11="d";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q12[0].checked)
a12="a";
if (theForm.Q12[1].checked)
a12="b";
if (theForm.Q12[2].checked)
a12="c";
if (theForm.Q12[3].checked){
a12="d";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q13[0].checked){
a13="a";
correct++;
}
if (theForm.Q13[1].checked)
a13="b";
if (theForm.Q13[2].checked)
a13="c";
if (theForm.Q13[3].checked)
a13="d";
a14=theForm.Q14.value;
a15=theForm.Q15.value;
a16=theForm.Q16.value;
a17=theForm.Q17.value;
a18=theForm.Q18.value;
alert ("You have "+correct+" out of 13 correct!");
percent=correct/13*100;
percent=Math.round(percent);
//myWin= open("","displayWindow","width=500,height=400,toolbar=yes,resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes");
self.document.open("text/html");
self.document.write("Answers to Practice exam");
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("Answers to Practice exam
");
self.document.write("
You have "+correct+" out of 13 correct in section A! "+percent+"%
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("SECTION A
");
self.document.write("(MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS)
");
self.document.write("A.1
Health care organizations play an important role in population health. Given the current directions in health service delivery, which of the following is the most appropriate role for a health care organization to play?
");
self.document.write("");
//self.document.write("
");
// self.document.write("
");
if (a1=="a")
self.document.write("
");
else
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("a) developing secondary prevention clinics in collaboration with community agencies and disease-related organizations
");
if (a1=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) developing primary prevention programs for the community in conjunction with community agencies
");
if (a1=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) facilitating the community development approach to managing the determinants of health for specific high risk populations in the community
");
if (a1=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) none of the above");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a1+". The answer is b. The organization is well positioned to provide primary prevention programs in partnership with other agencies. Many now have community development departments, health promotion staff, etc., that extends their role beyond “secondary prevention” clinics
");
self.document.write("A.2
Which of the following statements is the most important consideration in developing an effective media relations program for a health service organization?
");
self.document.write("");
if (a2=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a)identify clear objectives for a media relations program and ensure they are communicated to everyone concerned
");
if (a2=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) invite the media to an open house at your organization
");
if (a2=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) maintain regular communication with the media on topical issues
");
if (a2=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) advise members of the media regarding their role at the organization
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a2+". The answer is a). Every organization should have clear objectives to develop a plan for communicating with the media and other groups/stakeholders in the community. The other answers do not address the development of a media relations program, although they may be included in such a program.
");
self.document.write("A.3
The two factors which seem to be the most important determinants of health are:
");
self.document.write("");
if (a3=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) Income and social status
");
if (a3=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) Education and literacy
");
if (a3=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) Employment and working conditions
");
if (a3=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) Social environments and social support networks
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a3+". The answer is a).
Source:
Strategies for Population Health: Investing in the Health of Canadians, Health Canada 1999
Toward a Healthy Future: Second Report on the Health of Canadians, Health Canada.
");
self.document.write("A.4
The Romanow Commission (i.e. The Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada) was established by the federal government in 2001. It's mandate was to:
");
self.document.write("");
if (a4=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) engage Canadians in a national dialogue on the future of health care
");
if (a4=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) make recommendations to preserve a publicly funded health care system as well as a private system
");
if (a4=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) develop strategies to recruit and retain health care workers
");
if (a4=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) find ways to maintain the health system in its current state
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a4+". The answer is a).
Source:
Health Canada Website: Commission on the Future of Health Care in Canada
");
self.document.write("A.5
Corporate planning focuses on:
");
self.document.write("");
if (a5=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) the organization’s vision and mission
");
if (a5=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) future program scope
");
if (a5=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) organizational effectiveness
");
if (a5=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) all of the above
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a5+". The answer is d). Source: Perspective – February, 1992.
");
self.document.write("A.6
You are the newly appointed CEO of a health care organization, In the first few weeks in your new position, you are concerned by the lack of consistent understanding of the organization’s strategy on the part of your executives. Some have even commented that "it doesn't seem to make any difference anyway...people do what they've always done and feel they need to do." You have discovered that, while there is a strategic plan for your organization,, there is no formal planning process and the setting of the strategic directions was historically the pursue of the past CEO and the VP Finance. You would like to create a formal strategic planning process that is more inclusive, and is a meaningful guide to the actions of your executives and their staff. At what stage of the strategic planning process should you involve your executives?
");
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("");
if (a6=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) the strategy formation stage, where the initial ideas around what the strategy should be are developed
");
if (a6=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) after the point of receiving approval to develop your strategy further from your Board
");
if (a6=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) the strategy implementation stage, where you present your strategy and seek assistance in implementing it
");
if (a6=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) the strategy evaluation stage, where you formulate the strategy, put it in place, and call upon your executives six months later to comment on its effectiveness
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a6+". The answer is a). Individuals in your organization have never been included in the strategic planning process before -- this may account for some of the differences that exist in terms of understanding what the strategy is. If you involve people at any later stage they will likely assume that you are really not interested in engaging them in articulating the strategy, and buy-in/alignment will be negligible
");
self.document.write("A.7
There are several activities which are essential to effective strategic planning. They include:
");
self.document.write("1) CEO defined vision, mission, and values
2) defined roles and responsibilities
3) adequate consultation, discussion, and feedback
4) indicators that will be measured and monitored
");
self.document.write("");
if (a7=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) 1, 2, and 3
");
if (a7=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) 1, 2, and 4
");
if (a7=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) 2, 3, and 4
");
if (a7=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) all of the above
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a7+". The answer is c). #1 is incorrect – Board develops vision, mission, values, and strategic directions
");
self.document.write("A.8
There are many definitions of program management in the literature. Which of the following statements most closely resembles program management as applied to the delivery of health services?
");
self.document.write("");
if (a8=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) It is an organized system of services or an interrelated series of activities designed to address the health care needs of a specific target population. The approach to care is interdisciplinary, with an individual or individuals accountable for program administration.
");
if (a8=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) Each major program has several program components and each component includes a number of service elements. Program components are clearly defined subsets of the total program. Each of the components is an integral part of the program.
");
if (a8=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) It is an organized set of activities designed to meet identified goals.
");
if (a8=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) It is composed of sets of services that attempt to meet specific health needs or achieve particular objectives.
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a8+". The answer is a). Program management is geared to a specific patient population and must be delivered by an interdisciplinary team led by one or more individuals who have administrative responsibility for the program.
");
self.document.write("A.9
Which of the following statements is incorrect with respect to total quality management (TQM) and quality assurance (QA)?
");
self.document.write("");
if (a9=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) TQM is proactive and preventive, whereas QA is reactive and retrospective
");
if (a9=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) TQM focuses on structure, whereas QA focuses on process
");
if (a9=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) TQM focuses on system performance, whereas QA focuses on departmental performance
");
if (a9=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) TQM is ongoing, whereas QA is episodic
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a9+". The answer is b). TQM focuses on process.
");
self.document.write("A.10
Many program evaluation systems have focused on program outputs (goods and services), but there has been a definite shift towards recognizing the need to evaluate program outcomes (the impact of a service on clients).
");
self.document.write("Which three of the following are program outcomes?
1. to discharge 85 percent of patients after four days
2. to increase the number of patients seen weekly from 70 to 100
3. to increase patients’ knowledge of how to minimize lower back pain
4. to increase exercise tolerance of cardiac patients
");
self.document.write("");
if (a10=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) 1,2 and 3
");
if (a10=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) 3 & 4
");
if (a10=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) 1 & 2
");
if (a10=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) 2, 3, and 4
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a10+". The answer is b). These are outcomes showing an impact on clients.
");
self.document.write("A.11
Intellectual capital in an organization is comprised of:
");
self.document.write("");
if (a11=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) human capital -- the tacit knowledge embedded in the minds of an organization's employees
");
if (a11=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) structural capital -- the outlines, rules, and procedures relied upon to develop and deliver an organization's products and services
");
if (a11=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) relational capital -- the knowledge embedded in the relationships established with the organization's external environment (e.g., stakeholders including consumers, regulators, and suppliers)
");
if (a11=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) all of the above
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a11+". The answer is d). Intellectual capital is a multidimensional construct comprised of human capital, structural capital, and relational capital. It represents the "stock of knowledge" in an organization. Intellectual capital is thought to be among the key attributes of organizations, which explain organizational performance and survival.
Source: Bontis, N. “Managing organizational knowledge by diagnosing intellectual capital: Framing and advancing the state of the field”. In, Choo, CW and Bontis, N (Eds.) The Strategic Management of Intellectual Capital and Organizational Knowledge. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
");
self.document.write("A.12
Your organization’s new budget has just been approved. It has been reduced by 10 percent for the upcoming fiscal year, and this will cause significant hardship for the organization.
");
self.document.write("Which of the following is the most appropriate first step in addressing this situation?
");
self.document.write("");
if (a12=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) create a multidisciplinary and multi-departmental task force to recommend ”belt-tightening” opportunities throughout the organization
");
if (a12=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) conduct a cost-benefit analysis of each direct patient and non-direct patient service and determine which ones could be reduced or eliminated
");
if (a12=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) give each service a 15 percent target and ask them to identify cost reductions needed to reach that target; then meet to analyze the priorities
");
if (a12=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) revisit the organization’s strategic plan to compare future and current services, and identify those that might be changed and/or reduced/eliminated with minimal impact on the organization’s ability to achieve its objectives
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a12+". The answer is d). Changes should be undertaken in light of what the organization has set out – or been mandated – to accomplish. This is articulated in its strategic plan and the strategic objectives. The strategic plan should include descriptions of the programs, services, and information that are priorities.
");
self.document.write("13. Which process is not critical as a first step in the initial development of a new program or service?
");
self.document.write("");
if (a13=="a")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("a) delineate the new organizational structure
");
if (a13=="b")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("b) investigate needs and targets
");
if (a13=="c")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("c) develop a business case proposal
");
if (a13=="d")
self.document.write("");
else
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("d) define the objectives of the program or service
");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("You have entered "+a13+". The answer is a. This is an administrative step – not a developmental or analytical process. Answers b), c), and d) should be done first. Once the decision has been made to develop the new program, only then would a) be addressed.
");
self.document.write("SECTION B
");
self.document.write("(SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS)
");
self.document.write("B.1
CCHSA's accreditation process encourages a focus on population health. The objective of population health is to improve the health status of the population served. This is measured by health status indicators and influenced by a number of factors, including social, economic and physical environments, personal health practices, individual capacity and coping skills, human biology, early childhood development, and health services. Briefly describe the key elements of a population health approach to improving the health of a population.
");
self.document.write("You have entered: "+a14+".
");
self.document.write("The answer is:
");
self.document.write("
- Address the determinants of health, knowing that they are complex and inter-related. These include: income and social status, social support ");
self.document.write(" networks, education, employment and working conditions, social environments, physical environments, personal health practices and coping skills, healthy ");
self.document.write(" child development, biology and genetic endowment, health services, gender and culture.
");
self.document.write("- Focus on the health of populations. This reflects a focus on the health of the entire population or group of people served, rather than on the health of individuals, and involves reduction of material and social inequities.
");
self.document.write("- Invest upstream. This focus relies on root cause analysis and investment in strategies that has the greatest potential to influence population health positively.
");
self.document.write(" - Base decisions on evidence. Use both quantitative and qualitative data to identify priorities and strategies to improve health.
");
self.document.write(" - Use multiple strategies to act on the determinants of health. Different strategies will have varying impacts on different determinants of health. Therefore, a multi-strategy approach will be most successful.
");
self.document.write(" - Collaborate across levels and sectors. The responsibility and accountability for health outcomes should be shared by multiple health agencies as well as by agencies outside the health care sector, including education, transportation, social services, etc. as applicable.
");
self.document.write(" - Use techniques to engage citizens. People need to have a voice in identifying issues, priorities, and improvement strategies. They also need to be involved in evaluating the outcomes of the efforts.
");
self.document.write(" - Increase accountability for health outcomes. Shift emphasis to outcome, as opposed to focusing on structure (or input), processes and by-products.
");
self.document.write(" Source: Health Canada
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hppb/phdd/approach/approach.html#key_elements
");
self.document.write("B.2
Identify 4 things that an environmental analysis enables a health care organization to do?
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self.document.write("You have entered: "+a15+".
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self.document.write("The answer is:
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self.document.write("Identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats…. then plan accordingly
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self.document.write("B.3
Two significant national reports on the Canadian health care system are the Romanow report and the Kirby report. List 5 recommendations they have in common.
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self.document.write("You have entered: "+a16+".
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self.document.write("The answer is:
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self.document.write("");
self.document.write("| THEME | SIMILARITIES |
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self.document.write("| Governance and Accountability | Accountability committee/council |
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self.document.write("| Canada Health Act | Principle of public administration clarified and expanding insured health services for home care services and prescription drugs. |
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self.document.write("| Funding and Financing | Establishment of earmarked health fund |
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self.document.write("| Quality, Access & Waiting Times | Standardized waiting times criteria. |
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self.document.write("| Primary Health Care | Federal leadership phc. |
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self.document.write("| Pharmacies and Pharmaceutical Policy | Creation of national drug formulary. |
");
self.document.write("| Home and Community Care | Expand CHA to include medically necessary home care services, post-acute home care services and support for informal caregivers |
");
self.document.write("| Population Health, Wellness & Public Health | Strengthening prevention |
");
self.document.write("| Health Human Resources | Improving supply and distribution of health care providers Federal leadership regarding the collection and dissemination of information on the Canadian health workforce. |
");
self.document.write("| Health Care Infrastructure | Increased national leadership. |
");
self.document.write("| Health Information | Canada Health Infoway: leadership role in development of national electronic health records. |
");
self.document.write("| Research and Innovation | Bridging current knowledge gaps. |
");
self.document.write("B.4
Identify five factors in our current environment that negatively impact the health service environment:
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self.document.write("You have entered: "+a17+".
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self.document.write("Answer should include:
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self.document.write("
- a system focused on illness rather then wellness which may lead to over-resourcing of hospitals and not communities or health promotion activities
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self.document.write("- growing wait times for selected services that may lead to focused ramped up activity to the detriment of other services eg., the focus on hips and knees, cataracts, diagnostics, cancer surgeries, cardiac procedures
");
self.document.write("- severe shortages in human resources
");
self.document.write("- inadequate investments in new information and medical technology
");
self.document.write("- deteriorating hospital finances
");
self.document.write("- need for improved system planning to better size and integrate services
");
self.document.write("- lack of investment in innovation
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self.document.write("- lack of stable multiyear funding
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self.document.write("- hospital inefficiencies
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self.document.write("- accumulated working capital shortfalls
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self.document.write("B.5
Discuss the pros and cons of implementing a case-cost funding model in our current health care environment.
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self.document.write("You have entered: "+a18+".
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self.document.write("The answer is:
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self.document.write("Pros could include:
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self.document.write("- facilitates macro level costing capabilities in organizations. This may be particularly helpful when introducing new programs/services or when eliminating some.
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self.document.write("- ensures "equity" in funding at a macro level across Canada or at least intraprovincially.
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self.document.write("- may assist when negotiating collective agreements if there is compliance to not negotiating outside the formula's parameters.
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self.document.write("Cons could include:
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self.document.write("- costs within individual organizations predicated to some extent by current local agreements/contracts, the individual institutional variations and culture etc. For example, hydro costs may vary across the Country as well as salaries etc and forcing a funding formula overlay will be problematic.
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self.document.write("- lack of infrastructure to support such an approach and as a result potential lack of confidence in the data generated.
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self.document.write("The health care system is not currently funded in this manner and the question of whether this is the direction we should be moving in has yet to be determined. Consequently investing in the needed infrastructure etc may not be a prudent investment.");
self.document.write("
");
self.document.write("");
self.document.write("");
self.document.close();
return (correct);
}