|
Keith Culver, Kieran O'Doherty (Eds.)
Captus University Publications,
ISBN
978-1-55322-298-9
(2014)
Salmon
and cod are important to Canadians for more than economic and ecological
reasons: they are charismatic icons of Canada's natural history and national
development. Fishing
and Farming Iconic Species: Cod and
Salmon and Social Issues in
Genomic Science is
a multi-author, multidisciplinary book that explores how the capture, culture
and conservation of salmon and cod are influenced by national and international
environmental law, public consultation practices, intellectual property and
knowledge transfer practices. This
collection of original articles explores the iconic status of salmon and cod in
four areas of particular contemporary interest, arising from research initiated
in Canadian salmon and cod genomics projects: The
contributors to this book span a range of disciplines, including biology,
anthropology, law, philosophy, and political science. Canadian contributors
represent both coasts and points in between, and international contributors
from Norway and Scotland bring perspectives from neighbours facing
opportunities and challenges remarkably similar to those found in Canada. remarkably similar to those found in Canada.
Introduction Keith Culver, Kieran O’Doherty. PART 1: Fishing and Farming Iconic Species •
Salmon Farming and the First Nations on the West Coast: Some Lessons for Cod
Farming on the East Coast Omer Chouinard, Gilles Martin •
Issues Facing Fishing and Farming of Iconic Species (Cod and Salmon) in a
Rapidly Evolving Management Landscape Robert L. Stephenson •
Consultation and Integrated Coastal Management:The New Brunswick Aquaculture
Site Allocation Policy Melanie G. Wiber, Donna G. Curtis, Maria Recchia •
Post-Morton:
Environmental Federalism and the Emergence of ‘New Governance’ in Finfish Aquaculture
in Canada Neil Craik. •
Performing Salmon: The Contribution of Iconicity to the Failure of Network
Governance in BC Salmon Aquaculture Jeremy Rayner PART 2: Intellectual Property and Knowledge Management •
A Fresh and Forward Looking Contribution to the National Icon Debate: The
Interface Between Patents, Human Rights and Competition Abbe E. L. Brown. •
Canadian Patent Law Related to Marker-Assisted Breeding Norman Siebrasse •
Patent Protection for Inventions Related to Farmed Fish in Norway and the EPO Morten Walløe Tvedt •
Norwegian Salmon Farming: Regulating the Use of an Iconic Species Bjørn K. Myskja •
Innovation and Iconic Species: A Role for Knowledge Management David Castle PART 3: Public Consultation and Perception •
Representing the Cultural Significance of Salmon in a West Coast Public
Deliberation Michael M. Burgess, Holly Longstaff •
Assessing Moral Perspectives on the Technical Application of a Fish’s DNA: An
Interview Study with Salmon Genomic Researchers David M. Secko, Michael M. Burgess •
Perceptions of Salmon Genomics Among Chinese-Canadians and Indo-Candaians in
Metro Vancouver Emma Cohen, Kieran O’Doherty •
Using Deliberative Democracy to Inform Policy on Applications Arising from
Salmon Genomics Research Kieran O’Doherty, Holly Longstaff, Mike Burgess Epilogue: Comparative Perspectives •
“Give Us This Day Our Daily Bread” — The Iconic Role of Wheat in the Modern World Peter W.B. Phillips Appendix. Contributors
Abbe
Brown Dr
Abbe Brown is a Senior Lecturer and Deputy Head of the School of Law at the
University of Aberdeen. She joined Aberdeen in 2012 after spending 6 years at a
Lecturer in Information Technology Law at the University of Edinburgh, where
she was an Associate of the SCRIPT/AHRC Research Centre for Intellectual
Property and Technology Law. Before returning to academia, she practiced law in
London, Melbourne and Edinburgh. Abbe’s research explores the interaction
between legal fields, with a strong interest in enabling access to innovation and
creativity. Key publications are the monograph “Intellectual Property, Human
Rights and Competition: Access to Essential Innovation and Technology” (Edward
Elgar, 2012) and the edited collection “Environmental Technologies, Intellectual
Property and Climate Change: Accessing, Obtaining and Protecting” (Edward
Elgar, 2013). Michael
Burgess Professor
and Chair in Biomedical Ethics at the W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied
Ethics in the School of Population and Public Health and the Department of
Medical Genetics and in the Southern Medical Program at the University of
British Columbia. His research develops public engagement based on theories of
deliberative democracy, largely in biobanks and health policy but also in
salmon genomics, environmental remediation and biofuels. Burgess has
collaborated on deliberative public engagement in Vancouver, Montreal, the Mayo
Clinic (Minnesota), California, Western Australia and Tasmania. The analysis of
deliberative engagements has supported the development of models of dynamic,
participatory governance for biobanks and epidemiological research. He is
working with indigenous and community-based groups related to biobanks and
preventive health, with health economists on priorities in health care funding,
and on the appropriate implementation of personalized medicine into the health
care system. David
Castle David
Castle is Professor and Chair of Innovation in the Life Sciences at the
University of Edinburgh. He held the Canada Research in Science and Society at
the University of Ottawa and before was Associate Professor at the University
of Guelph. His research, funded by agencies in Canada and the UK, focuses on
social aspects of life science innovation including democratic engagement,
regulation and governance, and intellectual property and knowledge management.
He has published extensively on the social dimensions of science, technology
and innovation, has held several major research awards, and has considerable experience
leading strategic research initiatives and research project management. Prof.
Castle has consulted widely to government and industry on issues such as the
impact of national technology transfer policies and programs, intellectual
property and knowledge management strategies, and the role of non-scientific considerations
in the regulation of science and technology. Omer
Chouinard Professor
of Sociology, Université de Moncton. Omer Chouinard is involved in the
Programme in Environmental Studies at l’Université de Moncton. He is Principal
Investigator on a project entitled: “Integrated Management on Coastal
Communities and Aquaculture in the Gulf of St. Lawrence” (2006–10) and Co-researcher
on many projects : Costal Communities Challenges Community-Research Alliance (CCC-CURA
: 2010–15); Performance of coop’s sector on social, economic and environment across
Canada (Coop-CURA : 2010–15) Territorial and Development and Cooperation
(2007–12) with (UQAR); “Mobilization on Natural Resources and quality of life”
(2005–11) in “Social Economy and Sustainability” all financed by SSHRC; in a
CIDA Project for “Ecosystem Management based on Communities in Burkina Faso” (2005–11);
he was also appointed by Canadian Government to the Fisheries Resources Conservation
Council (2007–10). Emma
Cohen Emma
has been working as the Knowledge Translation and Communications Manager for
the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Population and Public
Health (CIHR-IPPH) since May 2009. She is responsible for the development and implementation
of the Institute’s knowledge translation and communications strategies. She is
also responsible for conceiving, planning, and coordinating knowledge
translation and communications initiatives that align with the Institute’s
strategic research priorities. Neil
Craik Neil
Craik is Associate Professor of Law and the Director of the School of
Environment, Enterprise and Development (SEED) at the University of Waterloo.
He is cross-appointed to the Balsillie School of International Affairs. His current
research focus is on transnational environmental law and governance, with a
particular focus on procedural aspects of law. Professor Craik’s publications
include Climate
Change
Policy
in North America: Designing Integration in a Regional System (with Studer and
VanNijntten, University of Toronto Press, 2013) and The International
Law of Environmental Impact Assessment: Process, Substance and
Integration (Cambridge
University Press, 2008). Keith
Culver Professor
of Management and Director, Okanagan Sustainability Institute, University of
British Columbia. Culver has also held the Econoving International Chair in
Generating Eco-Innovation, Universud Paris and University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines,
France, and was Professor of Philosophy and Director, Centre for Social
Innovation Research, at the University of New Brunswick, Fredericton. His interests
lie at the intersection of jurisprudence, policy, management and technology for
sustainability. Relevant recent publications in the area of law, policy and
technology include: Keith Culver and Michael Giudice, Legality’s
Borders (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2010) Keith Culver and David Castle, eds., Aquaculture,
Innovation and Social
Transformation
(Springer,
2008). Culver has served as Chair of the Research Management Committee of AquaNet,
the Network of Centres of Excellence
in Aquaculture, and was co-investigator and GE3LS principal investigator of the
Cod Genome Project. Donna
Curtis Donna
G. Curtis is an Interdisciplinary PhD student in Sociology, Anthropology and
Environmental Management studying at the University of New Brunswick. Donna’s
central area of study focuses on the impact of local ecological knowledge in
comparison to scientific knowledge/ information, and how these are accessed and
applied in public policy responses and decision making in relation to
integrated management of coastal communities. Her current work involves the
often spatially competing coastal industries of traditional capture fisheries
and aquaculture in the Canadian Maritime Provinces. Donna holds a Master’s in
Library and Information Science and an MSc in Environmental Management. Since
1994 Donna has worked in a variety of positions as an information specialist in
the subject area of life sciences, aquaculture and fisheries. From 2008–2012
Donna participated as a graduate student in the Coastal Community University
Research Network. Holly
Longstaff Partner
at Engage Associates Consulting Group in Vancouver BC. She specializes in
applied ethics and policy analysis from a social science perspective and has
over 10 years’ experience in this field. Her PhD research was funded by awards
from the CIHR Ethics of Health Research and Policy Training Project through the
W. Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics at the University of British
Columbia and by a Canadian Institutes of Health Research’s Institute of
Genetics Doctoral Research Award. Gilles
Martin Gilles
Martin is a teacher at the Community College in New Brunswick. He has a master’s
in environmental studies and has participated in numerous research projects
with coastal communities of New Brunswick as professional researcher with
Professor Omer Chouinard of the Université de Moncton. Their research focuses
on sustainable community approaches to coastal erosion, climate change
adaptation, and sustainable resource use. More specifically, their research has
proposed a community engagement process and has examined development of local empowerment
towards adaptation following severe storms in the Atlantic Provinces. Bjørn
K. Myskja Professor
of ethics and political philosophy, Norwegian University of Science and
Technology (NTNU). Main research areas include theoretical ethics, aesthetics,
bioethics and ethics of technology, with particular focus on issues related to
trust and technology. He participates in several interdisciplinary research
projects in the fields of biotechnology, nanotechnology, systems biology and
food ethics, funded by the Research Council of Norway. Myskja is a member of
the Norwegian Biotechnology Advisory Board. Kieran
O’Doherty Kieran
O’Doherty is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychology, University
of Guelph, where he convenes the Discourse, Science, &
Publics research
group. He has published on such diverse topics as public deliberation, genetic
risk, the communication of uncertainty, human tissue biobanks, salmon genomics,
and social and ethical implications of human microbiome research. Other areas
of research and interests include health psychology, theoretical psychology,
and the development and applications of qualitative research methods. Recent publications
include the co-edited volume Public Engagement and Emerging Technologies
published by UBC Press. Peter
W.B. Phillips Dr.
Peter W.B. Phillips, an international political economist, is Professor of
Public Policy in the Johnson-Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy at the
University of Saskatchewan. He undertakes research on governing innovation,
including regulation and policy, innovation systems, intellectual property,
supply chain management and trade policy. He is co-lead of a $5.4 million Genome
Canada project entitled Value Addition through Genomics and GE3LS (VALGEN)
which runs 2009–13. His latest book, Governing Transformative
Technological Innovation, was published by Elgar in 2007. Jeremy
Rayner Jeremy
Rayner is Professor and Centennial Research Chair in the Johnson-Shoyama
Graduate School of Public Policy at the University of Saskatchewan. His
research interests are in the areas of resource and environmental policy,
energy policy, public engagement and science policy. He has served as Chair of
the Global Forest Expert Panel on international forest governance and has
recently been principal investigator on projects researching the implementation
of integrated land management in western Canada and sustainable energy
transitions in his home province of Saskatchewan. He is a co-author of In
Search
of
Sustainability: BC Forest Policy in the 1990s and is the author
of numerous articles on regulation and governance for the sustainable use of
resources. He holds a PhD in Political Science from the University of British
Columbia. Maria
Recchia Maria
Recchia is Executive Director of the Fundy North Fishermen’s Association. She
has a Bachelor’s degree in Marine Biology from Connecticut College, and a
Masters of Environmental Studies from Dalhousie University, where her thesis focused
on the lobster fishery of Grand Manan. She has worked in the marine biology
labs of the New England Aquarium in Boston and La Stazione Zoologica in Naples
Italy. She has also worked with The Quebec Labrador Foundation based in Ipswich
Massachusetts, The Gloucester Fishermen’s Wives Association, St. Francis Xavier
University Extension Department, the Bay of Fundy Fisheries Council, and Coastal
Livelihoods Trust. She has worked with fishermen in the Bay of Fundy for the
last 15 years and was a community partner in the Coastal Community University
Research Alliance (2006–2012), where she participated in studies on conflicting
uses of ocean space in Saint John Harbour and in Southwest New Brunswick. In
collaboration with Coastal CURA partners, she has published several articles on
ocean and coastal integrated management. David
Secko Dr.
David Secko is an Associate Professor in the Department of Journalism at
Concordia University (Montreal). Secko’s background cuts across microbiology,
journalism and applied ethics. His amazement at the speed at which an amoeba
could crawl, led him to a Ph.D. (2004) from the University of British Columbia
that focused on the soil amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum. However, upon
finishing his PhD, he started writing about science for the likes of The
Scientist magazine
and Vancouver’s Tyee. Now at Concordia
University, Secko is the leader of the Concordia Science Journalism
Project (www.csjp.ca)
and active in the Canadian GE3LS community. He won a University Research Award
for his research contributions in 2011, the Dean’s Award for excellence as a
new scholar in 2010 and was awarded the Hal Straight Gold Medal in Journalism
from UBC’s School of Journalism in 2006. Secko’s research links across
journalism, science and ethical issues to clarify and experiment with the roles
of the public, experts and journalists in the democratic governance of
biotechnology. Examples of his recent articles include a qualitative meta synthesis
of the experiences of a science journalists (Science Communication 34, 2: 241–282) and
a narrative analysis of online commentary after science stories (Journalism
12,
7: 814–31). Norman
Siebrasse Norman
Siebrasse is a Professor of Law at the University of New Brunswick. He received
his BSc in Engineering Physics and his LLB from Queen’s University, before
clerking at the Supreme Court of Canada for the Honourable Madam Justice
McLachlin during the 1991–1992 term. After receiving an LLM from the University
of Chicago, he joined the University of New Brunswick Faculty of Law in 1993.
He teaches intellectual property law, commercial law and remedies, and his research
focuses on patent law. Robert
Stephenson Dr.
Robert Stephenson has been a research scientist with the Canadian Department of
Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) St. Andrews Biological Station since 1984, and is
currently Visiting Research Professor at the University of New Brunswick. He is
Principal Investigator of the Canadian Fisheries Research Network — an
NSERC-funded network that is linking academics, industry and government in collaborative
fisheries research across Canada. Stephenson has worked extensively on the
ecology, assessment, and management of Atlantic herring, and more broadly on
issues related to fisheries resource evaluation and Fisheries Management Science.
Current research interests include fisheries ecology and management,
development of integrated coastal zone management, implementation of the ecosystem
approach (particularly in fisheries and aquaculture), and development of
policies and strategies for sustainability of marine activities. Morten
Walløe Tvedt Senior
Research Fellow in the Fridtjof Nansen Institute, Norway. He research interests
reach across several related areas: regulation and policy regarding Animal and
Marine Genetic Resources and Intellectual Property Rights; international
regulation of intellectual property rights, e.g. patents and plant variety
rights (WIPO and WTO/TRIPS); regulation of property rights to genetic resources
and genetic material international Regulating and National Implementation of
Benefit Sharing Arising from use of Genetic Resources (CBD and FAO). He has
co-authored the monograph Beyond Access, with Tomme Young. He has published a
number of articles in such journals as the Journal of Environmental Policy and
Law, the Journal of World Intellectual Property, Aquaculture, and Animal
Genetic Resources information. He is currently engaged in various capacity
building projects for the implementation of Access and Benefit Sharing under
the CBD. Melanie Wiber Melanie G. Wiber is Professor of Anthropology at the University of
New Brunswick, New Brunswick, Canada. She is author of 47 peer-reviewed articles
and book chapters. She has published two single authored books: Politics, Property and Law in the Philippine Uplands (1993
Wilfrid Laurier University Press), and Erect
Men/Undulating Women: The Visual Imagery of Gender, Race and Progress in
Reconstructive Illustrations of Human Evolution (1997
Wilfrid Laurier University Press). She is co-editor with Joep Spiertz of The Role of Law in Natural Resource Management (1996 Vuga Press) and with
Franz and Keebet von Benda-Beckmann of The Changing
Properties of Property (2006 Berghan). For the past 25 years she has
focused on natural resource management, including research on irrigation,
farming and fisheries. She was co-applicant and served for six years on the
management board for the Coastal Community University Research Alliance (see www.coastalcura.ca).
Currently, she is conducting research as part of the Canadian Fisheries
Research Network (see www.cfrn-rcrp.ca), where she and other participants are
compiling a suite of sustainability indicators for Canada’s commercial
fisheries. She has served for many years on the Executive Body of the
international Commission on Legal Pluralism and is currently Editor-in-Chief of
the Journal of Legal Pluralism.
|
|||||||||
